Hiki i ka mea ʻike kinoea hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa ke ʻike i nā ʻano kinoea puhi ahi, ʻona a me nā kinoea ʻino i ka manawa like. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ke kinoea kūloko, petrochemical, hao a me ke kila kila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke maʻalahi i nā limahana ke lawe i ka pale pilikino, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā lako nānā ma ka pūnaewele.